LAND RIGHTS, FARMER INVESTMENTS INCENTIVES, AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN CHINA

The overall goal of our paper is to estimate the impact of China's land rights on farm investment incentives and agricultural production. To meet the goal, the paper pursues three specific objectives. First, the paper briefly reviews the various linkages between land rights and investment incentives. Next, we demonstrate how land use behavior differs according to the tenure regime and land rights. Third, by using our field survey data, this paper identifies the links between specific land rights, instead of just the land tenure type, and investment incentives. The paper also measures the size of efficiency loss from the current land rights arrangements.Farm Management, Land Economics/Use,

Bandwidth Tunable Optical Filter Based on the Quad-Mode Resonator

An innovative bandwidth tunable optical filter with controllable bandwidth, center frequency, and transmission zero is proposed in this paper. The proposed filter utilizes a quad-mode resonator to achieve a wideband filter centered at 2.42 GHz. By incorporating varactor diodes into the open branches of the resonator, the proposed filter's center frequency and bandwidth can be dynamically adjusted via the voltage applied to the diodes. This tunable filter exhibits low insertion loss of less than 2 dB, return loss exceeding 10 dB, and a relative bandwidth of up to 40%

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES ON A HISTONE DEACETYLASE MEDIATED GENE SILENCING

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

Non-bisphosphonate inhibitors of isoprenoid biosynthesis identified via computer-aided drug design.

The relaxed complex scheme, a virtual-screening methodology that accounts for protein receptor flexibility, was used to identify a low-micromolar, non-bisphosphonate inhibitor of farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Serendipitously, we also found that several predicted farnesyl diphosphate synthase inhibitors were low-micromolar inhibitors of undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase. These results are of interest because farnesyl diphosphate synthase inhibitors are being pursued as both anti-infective and anticancer agents, and undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase inhibitors are antibacterial drug leads

Bis(2-bromo­acetato-κ2 O,O′)(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)copper(II)

The two halves of the title compound, [Cu(C2H2BrO2)2(C12H8N2)], are related by twofold symmetry along the b axis through the central CuII ion. The CuII ion is coordinated by two symmetry-related N atoms from the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and four O atoms from two 2-bromo­acetate ligands, showing a distorted octahedral geometry. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions link neighbouring mol­ecules

Aqua­bis(2-iodo­acetato-κO)(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)copper(II)

In the title compound, [Cu(C2H2IO2)2(C12H8N2)(H2O)], the CuII ion is coordinated by two N atoms [Cu—N = 2.013 (4) and 2.024 (4) Å] from a 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and three O atoms [Cu—O = 1.940 (4)–2.261 (4) Å] from two carboxyl ligands and a water mol­ecule in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. One iodo­acetate O atom [Cu—O = 2.775 (4) Å] completes the coordination to form a distorted octa­hedron. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers, which are further packed by π–π inter­actions between the 1,10-phenanthroline ligands into layers parallel to the ab plane. The crystal packing also exhibits short inter­molecular I⋯I contacts of 3.6772 (9) Å and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

[2,6-Dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetra­hydro­pyrim­idine-4-carboxyl­ato(2−)]bis(pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline)cobalt(II) dihydrate

The title complex, [Co(C5H2N2O4)(C14H8N4)2]·2H2O, features a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry for Co due to the sterical requirements of the orotic acid and pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline ligands. Inter­molecular hydrogen bonding between the uncoordinated water mol­ecules and the ligand stablizes the structure of the complex

Aqua­bis(2-chloro­acetato-κO)(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)copper(II)

In the title complex, [Cu(C2H2ClO2)2(C12H8N2)(H2O)], the CuII ion is five-coordinated by two N atoms [Cu—N = 2.005 (2) and 2.029 (2) Å] from the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, two O atoms [Cu—O = 1.943 (2)–1.966 (2) Å] from two 2-chloro­acetate ligands and one water mol­ecule [Cu—O = 2.253 (2) Å] in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The crystal structure exhibits inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, short Cl⋯Cl contacts [3.334 (1) Å] and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance 3.621 (11) Å]

Novel Fractional Order Calculus Extended PN for Maneuvering Targets

Based on the theory of fractional order calculus (FOC), a novel extended proportional guidance (EPN) law for intercepting the maneuvering target is proposed. In the first part, considering the memory function and filter characteristic of FOC, the novel extended PN guidance algorithm is developed based on the conventional PN after introducing the properties and operation rules of FOC. Further, with the help of FOC theory, the average load and ballistics characteristics of proposed guidance law are analyzed. Then, using the small offset kinematic model, the robustness of the new guidance law against autopilot parameters is studied theoretically by analyzing the sensitivity of the closed loop guidance system. At last, representative numerical results show that the designed guidance law obtains a better performance than the traditional PN for maneuvering target